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Canton Railroad: Serving The Port of Baltimore

Published: January 15, 2025

By: Adam Burns

The Canton Railroad holds a unique place in the history and development of American rail transport as a short line strategically situated in the heart of the bustling industrial hub of Baltimore, Maryland.

Originating in the early 20th century, the system has played an integral role in serving the maritime and industrial sectors of the region, reflecting the dynamic growth and continuous evolution of the American transportation network.

It has served the Port of Baltimore for more than a century and continues to remain a vital transportation artery in the region today.

Canton Railroad SE15B #1906, a product of Knoxville Locmomotive Works, is working at the Boston Street Terminal in Baltimore, MD on July 26, 2024. Doug Kroll photo.

The story of the Canton begins in 1906 when it was established by the Canton Company of Baltimore, initially aiming to support the extensive industrial and port operations that were booming in the area.

The railroad was created to efficiently connect the waterfront industries along the bustling Baltimore harbor region. 

Back in 1905, when the federal government approved the dredging project to deepen the shipping channels leading to Baltimore harbor, the Canton Company of Baltimore saw an opportunity. As a marine terminal operator, they wanted to develop their southeast Baltimore properties to support manufacturers and shippers.

However, they faced a challenge: they needed rail connections although the city's two primary railroads, the Baltimore & Ohio (B&O) and Pennsylvania (PRR), weren't keen on expanding their lines into uncharted territories. So, Canton Company took matters into their own hands, deciding to establish their own local railroad in 1905.

By 1906, the Canton Railroad Company was officially chartered, aimed at serving industrial, manufacturing, and shipping needs in the bustling Baltimore port area. Operations began in 1907.

The company changed hands several times across the 1970s and 1980s. Then, in 1984, the owners of the Canton Development Company, managing the railroad at that time, found themselves mired in financial misconduct allegations, leading to the railroad being put into receivership.

In 1987, the State of Maryland purchased the railroad at a bankruptcy auction, shelling out $875,000 to ensure rail access for the Seagirt Terminal at the Port of Baltimore. Although now owned by the State, the Canton Railroad continues to function as a profit-driven entity without any financial backing from the State.

One of the defining features of this industrial short line is its strategic location. Situated at the nexus of port facilities, industrial complexes, and warehouses, it has always been central to Baltimore’s economic and industrial activities.

The railroad connects to major railroads, such as the CSX Transportation and Norfolk Southern Railway, further extending its reach and operational efficacy.

This made it possible for the Canton Railroad to cater to a variety of cargo needs, including bulk commodities, intermodal containers, and break-bulk goods, contributing significantly to the region’s industrial economy.

Canton Railroad SW1200 #1203 switches out GAF Plant in Baltimore's industrialized Canton District on August 27, 2004. Wade Massie photo.

Over the decades, the Canton has successfully navigated the myriad challenges and transformations that have characterized the rail transport industry.

From dealing with the peaks and valleys of industrial demand to adapting to technological advancements, the railroad has shown commendable resilience and adaptability.

A major element of this adaptability has been its focus on niche markets and personalized services for its clientele, ranging from large corporations to smaller businesses that require customized logistics solutions.

As a short line it represents an important segment of the rail transport ecosystem in North America, servicing local industries by providing the first and last mile connection necessary to move goods efficiently.

Diesel Roster

Canton Railroad SW1200 #1203 switches out a local customer along NS on August 27, 2004. Wade Massie photo.

Today, as part of the Maryland Transportation Authority, the Canton Railroad continues to be a regional powerhouse, contributing to the economic vitality of Baltimore.

Its commitment to efficient and sustainable freight operations ensures that it remains a vital link between ships, industries, and the greater rail network.

With a legacy spanning over a century, the Canton stands as a testament to the enduring significance of short line railroads within the broader narrative of American industrial progress and economic resilience.